Contingency theory free essay sample

Possibility hypothesis is a class of social hypothesis that guarantees that there is no most ideal approach to sort out a partnership, to lead an organization, or to decide. Rather, the ideal strategy is unexpected (subordinate) upon the inner and outside circumstance. An unexpected pioneer adequately applies their own style of initiative to the correct circumstance. In possibility hypothesis of authority, the achievement of the pioneer is a component of different possibilities as subordinate, task, and additionally bunch factors. The viability of a given example of pioneer conduct is dependent upon the requests forced by the circumstance. These speculations stress utilizing various styles of authority suitable to the necessities made by various hierarchical circumstances. No single possibility hypothesis has been proposed. A portion of the hypotheses Systems Theory: the transdisciplinary investigation of the theoretical association of wonders, autonomous of their substance, type, or spatial or transient size of presence. We will compose a custom paper test on Possibility hypothesis or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It examines both the standards regular to every single complex element, and the (normally numerical) models which can be utilized to portray them. Frameworks hypothesis was proposed during the 1940s by the scholar Ludwig von Bertalanffy (: General Systems Theory, 1968), and promoted by Ross Ashby (Introduction to Cybernetics, 1956). von Bertalanffy was both responding agaInst reductionism and endeavoring to restore the solidarity of science. He underlined that genuine frameworks are available to, and connect with, their surroundings, and that they can get subjectively new properties through rise, bringing about constant development. As opposed to lessening a substance (e. g. the human body) to the properties of its parts or components (e. g. organs or cells), frameworks hypothesis centers around the course of action of and relations between the parts which associate them into an entire (cf. comprehensive quality). This specific association decides a framework, which is free of the solid substance of the components (e. g. particles, cells, transistors, individuals, and so forth). In this way, similar ideas and standards of association underlie the various controls (material science, science, innovation, humanism, and so forth ), giving a premise to their unification. Frameworks ideas include: framework condition limit, input, yield, process, state, progressive system, objective directedness, and data. The advancements of frameworks hypothesis are differing (Klir, Facets of Systems Science, 1991), including applied establishments and theory (e. g. the methods of reasoning of Bunge, Bahm and Laszlo); numerical displaying and data hypothesis (e. g. crafted by Mesarovic and Klir); and pragmatic applications. Scientific frameworks hypothesis emerged from the advancement of isomorphies between the models of electrical circuits and different frameworks. Applications incorporate designing, registering, environment, the executives, and family psychotherapy. Frameworks investigation, grew autonomously of frameworks hypothesis, applies frameworks standards to help a decisIon-creator with issues of distinguishing, remaking, advancing, and controlling a framework (normally a socio-specialized association), while considering numerous targets, limitations and assets. It intends to determine potential approaches, along with their dangers, expenses and advantages. Frameworks hypothesis is firmly associated with robotics, and furthermore to framework elements, which models changes in a system of coupled factors (e. g. the world elements models of Jay Forrester and the Club of Rome). Related thoughts are utilized in the rising studies of intricacy, examining self-association and heterogeneous systems of communicating on-screen characters, and related spaces, for example, a long way from-harmony thermodynamics, disordered elements, counterfeit life, man-made brainpower, neural systems, and PC displaying and reproduction.

Glycoprotein Definition and Function

Glycoprotein Definition and Function A glycoprotein is a kind of protein atom that has had a sugar connected to it. The procedure either happens during protein interpretation or as a posttranslational alteration in a procedure called glycosylation. The sugar is an oligosaccharide chain (glycan) that is covalently attached to the polypeptide side chains of the protein. On account of the - OH gatherings of sugars, glycoproteins are more hydrophilic than straightforward proteins. This implies glycoproteins are more pulled in to water than standard proteins. The hydrophilic idea of the atom additionally prompts the trademark collapsing of the proteins tertiary structure. The starch is a short particle, regularly stretched, and may comprise of: straightforward sugars (e.g., glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose)amino (sugars that have an amino gathering, for example, N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine)acidic (sugars that have a carboxyl gathering, for example, sialic corrosive or N-acetylneuraminic corrosive) O-Linked and N-Linked Glycoproteins Glycoproteins are ordered by the connection site of the sugar to an amino corrosive in the protein. O-connected glycoproteins are ones in which the starch bonds to the oxygen iota (O) of the hydroxyl bunch (- OH) of the R gathering of either the amino corrosive threonine or serine. O-connected sugars may likewise cling to hydroxylysine or hydroxyproline. The procedure is named O-glycosylation. O-connected glycoproteins will undoubtedly sugar inside the Golgi complex.N-connected glycoproteins have a starch attached to the nitrogen (N) of theâ amino bunch (- NH2) of the R gathering of the amino corrosive asparagine. The R bunch is generally the amide side chain of asparagine. The holding procedure is called N-glycosylation. N-connected glycoproteins gain their sugar from the endoplasmic reticulum film and afterward are moved to the Golgi complex for alteration. While O-connected and N-connected glycoproteins are the most well-known structures, different associations are additionally conceivable: P-glycosylation happens when the sugar connects to the phosphorus of phosphoserine.C-glycosylation is the point at which the sugar appends to the carbon particle of amino corrosive. A model is the point at which the sugar mannose bonds to the carbon in tryptophan.Glypiation is when aâ glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid connects to the carbon end of a polypeptide. Glycoprotein Examples and Functions Glycoproteins work in the structure, generation, safe framework, hormones, and assurance of cells and living beings. Glycoproteins are found on the outside of the lipid bilayer of cell layers. Their hydrophilic nature permits them to work in the fluid condition, where they act in cell-cell acknowledgment and official of different atoms. Cell surface glycoproteins are additionally significant for cross-connecting cells and proteins (e.g., collagen) to add quality and security to a tissue. Glycoproteins in plant cells are what permits plants to stand upstanding against the power of gravity. Glycosylated proteins are not simply basic forâ intercellular correspondence. They likewise help organ frameworks speak with one another. Glycoproteins are found in mind dim issue, where they cooperate with axons and synaptosomes. Hormonesâ may be glycoproteins. Models incorporate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and erythropoietin (EPO). Blood coagulating relies upon the glycoproteins prothrombin, thrombin, and fibrinogen. Cell markers might be glycoproteins. The MN blood bunches are because of two polymorphic types of the glycoprotein glycophorin A. The two structures contrast just by two amino corrosive buildups, yet that is sufficient to mess up people accepting an organ gave by somebody with an alternate blood gathering. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and H antigen of the ABO blood bunch are recognized by glycosylated proteins. Glycophorin An is additionally significant in light of the fact that its the connection site for Plasmodium falciparum, a human blood parasite. Glycoproteins are significant for multiplication since they consider the official of the sperm cell to the outside of the egg. Mucins are glycoproteins found in bodily fluid. The particles ensure delicate epithelial surfaces, including the respiratory, urinary, stomach related, and conceptive tracts. The safe reaction depends on glycoproteins. The sugar of antibodies (which are glycoproteins) decides the particular antigen it can tie. B cells and T cells have surface glycoproteins which tie antigens, too. Glycosylation Versus Glycation Glycoproteins get their sugar from an enzymatic procedure that shapes a particle that would not work in any case. Another procedure, called glycation, covalently bonds sugars to proteins and lipids. Glycation isn't an enzymatic procedure. Regularly, glycation lessens or refutes the capacity of the influenced particle. Glycation normally happens during maturing and is quickened in diabetic patients with high glucose levels in their blood. References and Suggested Reading Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer (2002). Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York. fifth version: pg. 306-309.Ivatt, Raymond J. (1984) The Biology of Glycoproteins. Plenum Press: New York.

Current Financial Market Events and their Implications

Current Financial Market Events and their Implications Occasion one The ongoing worldwide monetary emergency has managed a substantial blow on the American International Group, prompting loss of home loan supported protections. Following this misfortune, AIG has documented a suit against Bank of America in an offer to recuperate over $ 10 billion USD (Story and Morgenson 2011).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Current Financial Market Events and their Implications explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More AIG keeps up that Bank of America, alongside its Countrywide Financial units and Merrily Lynch offered to speculators distorted home loans that had been set as protections. AIG is reprimanding banks for this noteworthy misfortune and keeps up that it was misdirected into buying dangerous protections while the property showcase was as yet confronted with a lodging blast. Other enormous money related foundations that IAG plans to sue on comparable grounds incorporate JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, and Deut che Bank. The US Justice Department has additionally gotten various credit emergency cases but since none has yet been arraigned, purchasers and speculators are currently distributing fault on monetary foundations for the misfortune (Story and Morgenson 2011). In any case, the Justice Department is pushing for the arraignment of these cases, but at a moderate pace. For instance, a previous administrator of Taylor, Bean Whitaker, a home loan organization, has been given a prison sentence. Demands by speculators and shoppers for the Justice Department to consider venture banks responsible for the misfortunes occasioned by the worldwide money related emergency are being said something by State lawyer general. These cases for the most part include dispossessions and home loan overhauling. This is in spite of the way that the legislature is yet to fire following up on the most basic of these practices. Occasion Two President Obama is pushing a methodology to make more employments and sim ultaneously, guarantee bigger long haul shortage cuts. The proposed tax breaks are planned for fighting long haul joblessness. In this manner, new spending on the development business is envisioned, just as stretching out tax breaks to firms recruiting laborers. The president is additionally proposing for another deficiency decrease (Calmes 2011). These moves are planned for animating financial development by urging shoppers to spend and organizations to enlist. Be that as it may, the Republicans are against extra improvement proposition, accusing President Obama for without a nitty gritty obligation decrease plan. They are likewise restricted to higher assessment revenue.Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The promise by the national bank to keep up loan fees at a close to zero for a base time of two years has gotten restriction from two policymakers with th e US Federal Reserve. They contend that such a move means that the administration plans to help the securities exchange. The choice to diminish loan fees up to mid-2013 has likewise been condemned, with adversaries naming the strategy as unseemly. Occasion Three A solid Australian dollar in 2011 has brought about low household travel and this has incited Wotif.com, an Australian based online travel organization to consider extending its business to the Asian market. In 2009, local relaxation travel business, which additionally happens to be Wotif.com’s center business, was more grounded in light of the fact that the Australian dollar was getting more vulnerable against the significant monetary standards (LaFrenz 2011, p. 39). Presently, a ton of Australians are deciding on abroad excursions, to the detriment of local travel. This has assisted with fortifying the worldwide settlement booking. Wotif.com has appreciated colossal development since 2006, when the organization was recorded on the ASE (Australian Securities Exchange). Be that as it may, in 2011, its development eased back altogether. As a feature of its development system, the organization has concentrated on the Asian market with the reception of novel-telephone based activities, a move that the organization sees as assisting with encouraging its development (LaFrenz 2011, p. 39). As of now, the organization does 15 percent of its appointments in Asia. Other than portable appointments, the organization likewise plans to go into joint endeavors with various travel firms in Asia so as to get a portion of the growing local travel advertise. The Asian neighborhood advertise brags of a developing white collar class who are anxious to travel, yet in addition have increasingly extra cash. Occasion Four In the second quarter of 2011, the US financial extension was underneath what had been estimated, and this is a pointer to the shortcoming of the economy. This has constrained the Federal Reserve to r eexamine its development conjecture downwards (Willis 2011, p. 56). Among April and June, the GDP of the US is assessed to have expanded at a normal pace of 1 percent for each annum. The past assessments had been pegged at 1.3 percent. Simultaneously, the period of August recorded the most minimal degree of shopper assumptions since November 2008, even with political wrangling and budgetary market disturbance in regards to the spending shortage (Willis 2011, p. 56). The country’s GDP remains at USD 13.26 trillion, and it is still beneath its top before the recession.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Current Financial Market Events and their Implications explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On a lighter note, there has been an upward modification of compensations and wages, in this way noteworthy the most elevated addition in more than 4 years. Simultaneously, corporate benefits have developed. Following the ongoing downsizing of US obligation by S P in the midst of worries of a default in the euro-zone, combined with shortage cut measures, financial experts have been compelled to decrease development conjectures. Examination The way that the Justice Department has been delayed to indict the guilty parties who started the ongoing worldwide money related emergency has just acted to lessen speculator and shopper certainty. Therefore, the economy has been developing at a more slow rate than foreseen, and this has incited the Federal Reserve Bank to reconsider the country’s development rate downwards. At the point when the economy neglects to achieve the anticipated pace of development, this outcomes in low shopper assumptions. At the point when shoppers are less idealistic about the financial development rate, their spending and sparing rates are probably going to diminish (Colin 2008, para. 3). Upgrade bundles are in this manner a method of animating the economy when confronted with moderate development. D ifferent estimates that a legislature can foundation to manage a sow pace of monetary development are to force tax breaks and encourage transitory spending. Market analysts recommend that such moves add to shortfalls at first. In the long haul however, these measures could bring down expenses for security net projects, increment charge assortments and at long last, keep up littler deficiencies than would be the situation with bringing down joblessness and prodding development (Cooper 2008, p. 208). Improvement spending is upheld by the Keynesian financial hypothesis which expresses that when the administration tries to go through an enormous lump of obtained cash, this assists with boosting the economy (Davidson 2009 p.18). Monetary antiquarians have kept up that the US endured the Great Depression on account of Keynesian-style spending. Other than animating the economy, there is the need likewise to guarantee that we lessen shortages particularly when confronted with contracting in comes. A boost bundle siphons cash into the economy though briefly, in this manner empowering shopper spending. Organizations are additionally urged to enlist more workers. Something else, organizations might be compelled to consider moving their business to different economies that have not borne the full outcome of a worldwide monetary emergency. This is the situation with Wotif.com, when it chose to wander into the Asian market when household travel in Australia was not, at this point appealing to enable the organization to keep up its heretofore fabulous growth.Advertising Searching for research project on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference List Calmes, J., 2011. Obama to push for occupations, tax breaks. The New York Times, Web. Colin, B., 2008. Customer certainty worldwide screen of purchaser assumption file reports and nation update on buyer certainty changes. Marshal Place Associates, Web. Cooper, G., 2008. The starting point of money related emergencies: national banks, credit bubbles and theâ efficient showcase error. Petersfield, Hampshire, U.K.: Harriman House. Davidson, P., 2009. The Keynes Solution: The Path to Global Economic Prosperity. London: Palgrave=McMillan. LaFrenz, C., 2011. Dollar drives wotif.com’s Asia center. The Australian Financial Review, 11 August. p. 39. Story, L., Morgenson, G., 2011. AIG sues bank for GFC misfortunes. The New York Times, Web. Willis, B., 2011. US development figure reconsidered down. The Australian Financial Times, 9 August 2011. p. 56.

Role of dividend signalling in corporate finance Dissertation

Job of profit motioning in corporate money - Dissertation Example as a significant job in corporate money. The examination additionally gives a nitty gritty research on the effect of profit declaration on investor. Profit is a significant parameter to assess venture choice by the financial specialists. Along these lines, there is a generous job of profit motioning on corporate account as organizations share estimation of association through profit payment.Thus, yearly profit declaration by an organization consistently remains the most anticipated news for its investors. This paper gives an unmistakable comprehension ofthe effect of profit motioning on corporate fund in hypothetical angle and its effect on investors in functional viewpoint. Section 1: Introduction Motivation Firms convey esteem and budgetary well-creatures through installment of profit to its investors. Financial specialists for the most part practice a typical action for example â€Å"dividend check in mail† at each quarter when their contributed firms proclaim their quarter ly money related outcomes. Profit is a method of sharing or circulation of companies’ income to the investors at a normal premise. Organizations circulate profit quarterly, half yearly or on yearly premise. Customary installment of profit by a firm shows its economical budgetary development and it likewise decides a firm’s future execution and prospect. Profit installment record of a firm is one of the most significant components for speculation dynamic for the investors and investors consistently expect customary installment of profit from the organizations where they contribute. In this way, a company’s capacity and eagerness to deliver customary profit payout decides the solid money related state of the organization. Idea of profit installment was not there in business practice before Securities and Exchange Act was presented in the year 1934. Organizations required a law for compulsory divulgence of monetary data. Since the underlying time of profit installm ent by the restricted organizations, it has gotten one of the most significant parameter of budgetary wellbeing and furthermore stays one advantageous measuring stick to assess a company’s present and future possibility. Develop beneficial organizations for the most part deliver profit to its investors. Nonetheless, if an organization don't deliver profit that doesn't imply that the organization can't create generous income. Development organizations for the most part deliver profit. On the off chance that administration of an organization imagines that development chance of the organization is obviously superior to its venture opportunity accessible to the new speculators or the current investors then the organization delivers profit to improve the venture chance of the organization (Lonkani and ratchusanti, 2007, p.4). In this way, profit is one of the mos

Living Peacefully in a World Free of Global Warming or Living with All Research Paper

Living Peacefully in a World Free of Global Warming or Living with All the Riches in a World Affected with Global Warming - Research Paper Example Adding to the expanding levels of GHGs are different exercises in which vehicles and force plants are recorded to be the primary sources (Mohr, 2005). Undoubtedly, people likewise have commitments to the degrees of GHGs. In understanding to what is expressed, improvements in various nations lead to the warming up of the planet Earth. An ever increasing number of structures are set up and utilized as industrial facilities so as to pick up riches. In spite of the crusades that vehicles are producing GHGs, individuals couldn't care less. The present has been viewed as the second for improvement despite the fact that it is accepted by a few, as a decimation of nature. Research Question: Which is better, living calmly in a world liberated from a dangerous atmospheric devation or living with all the wealth in a world influenced with an unnatural weather change? Extent of Limitation: Findings of this examination will be constrained distinctly to the reactions of ten (10) ecological speciali sts. Results from this investigation may be based from their perspectives and conclusions. Centrality of the Study: Findings will instruct people on the wonder of a dangerous atmospheric devation. The direct of this exploration will give signs on how people ought to secure their planet. Besides, this examination will likewise enhance the current research in this field. Targets of the Study: This examination means to concentrate how the an Earth-wide temperature boost influences the whole world. In particular, it additionally targets knowing and distinguishing the impacts of the said wonder through investigating the life on earth just as the environment. Hypothetical Framework: The hypothesis of an Earth-wide temperature boost will be the system of this exploration. A worldwide temperature alteration, as characterized by James Hansen (2000), is predominantly a result of the event of elevated levels of GHGs in the environment where is activated by the exercises of man. For Hansen (200 0), the impact of these gases from consuming of non-renewable energy source is environmental change. Theory: The expanding pace of ozone harming substances is undermining the life on earth, the negative impacts being on the life of people and the air. II. Audit of Related Literature Various perspectives exist when individuals talk about a worldwide temperature alteration. Some are in understanding yet some are contradicting different conceptualizations of the marvel of a dangerous atmospheric devation. For Thakur (2009), discharge of gases is only the supporter of the wonder however obviously not the inception. Joined Nations Environment Program (2003) has recognized a dangerous atmospheric devation is answerable for the atmosphere changes. Some among the referenced results are progressively serious downpour, extreme flood and tempests, increasingly outrageous warmth waves, and the dissolving of ice sheets. With the quick changes, it is normal that all the crucial Earth frameworks w ould likewise adjust prompting the unsettling influence in all the parts of condition. This disturbance would then influence the lives of people on account of the conceivable impact to nourishment security. These changes, as a result, will incur hurt on human wellbeing. Eipsten (2000) included that with the ascent of temperature goes along the ascent of numerous wellbeing maladies. This point of view fears the way that it may not be feasible for the mankind to have its cutting edge because of the impacts it might cause the individuals. Notwithstanding, the contextualization of carbon causes a dangerous atmospheric devation has been contradicted. In Happer’s (2011) article, he asserted that the present warming that the planet as of now

Theme of Cultural Transition - Free Essay Example

Abstract The theme of cultural transition is well portrayed throughout the two books; Things Fall Apart and The Lion and The Jewel. On the other hand, the elements of change in both books defer, as in Things Fall Apart, what brings the change originates from the outside, that is, the missionaries; while Lakunle acts as the element of change from inside the community. Lakunle understands the customs, and he even grew up practicing them, but after he comes into contact with the outside world, his views are changed. The cultural transition is seen when Lakunle tries to oppose the custom of bride price and calls it uncivilized. He tries to win Sidi’s love using the tactics he has learned from the modernized world but fails terribly. The missionaries in Okonkwo case also seek to change the ways of the people, they introduce formal education and try to bring civilization to Umofia. Their efforts are derailed when Okonkwo opposes them and kills one of their messengers. Conflict is also in both stories; Lakunle fight against the community’s customs is a sign of conflict. Baroka Sidi and the rest of Ilunjule village are traditionists who are uneducated who conflicts with the educated Lakunle a school teacher educated and influenced by the western culture. In the play, The Lion and the Jewel tradition wins against modernity which is evidence by Sidi marrying the traditional chief. The issue of the bride price causes Lakunle to be considered as the village fool. He also fights alone as no one else in the community is willing to share his views; not even his beloved Sidi. Where there is a conflict there is bound to be consequences, in Okonkwo case, his conflict with the missionaries resulted in death and feelings of betrayal. This paper will discuss the various instances where both the jewel and the lion and things fall apart portray the theme of cultural change and theme of conflict. Introduction Change and conflict go hand in hand; especially in a place where what is being changed has been there for a long time. Culture is collectiveness of behaviours acquired by a member of a given group or community. Thus culture is the practices, social behaviour, and beliefs of a given community. In the books we are looking at cultural conflict is shown between the modern and traditional cultures. Cultural transition in both The Lion and The Jewel and Things Fall Apart is eminent as portrayed in the characters of both Lakunle and Okonkwo. Both characters try to bring change to their environment; Okonkwo tries to fight against cultural change while Lakunle is for the change. Cultural African practices were regarded to be sacred, and anything or anyone that interfered with them was considered to be an enemy of the community. The cultural beliefs that the African communities held were believed to hold a certain purpose, and they were what united them with their ancestors. Common belief and practice also symbolized a sense of unity, and it was rare for individuals to separate themselves from this kind of life. For those that managed to separate themselves, they came back and shook these foundations and were regarded with suspicion and even considered to be fools or slaves of the colonists. Conflict is said to be the disagreement between individuals or ideas. In the case of our study conflict can be defined as the clash or disagreement of cultures. Culture is a unique phenomenon cherished and protected dearly by a given community. The two books; the Jewel and Lion and Things Fall Apart show how African cultures are subjected to imposition and displacement by the western culture. Whenever there is change conflict comes long for instance in the case of Lakunle, Lakunle a school teacher feels that he is modernized than any other person in the village. Thus he is not ready to pay the bride price and take Sidi as his wife. Sidi, on the other hand, does not agree with Lakunle she feels that when she accepts to be married by him without the bride price, the village people will be against her. Later on, Sidi is married to the traditional chief and leave Lakunle who is considered a fool by the village people and face opposition from them.   The piece shows that in the instance of change there exist disagreement of given ideas. Body Confronted with complications Lakunle is not convincingly representing the modern ideas as he claims. It is evidence that he misunderstands the modern books he reads and the cultural beliefs. For instance, Lakunle tell Sidi that she has a small brain, meaning women brains are deemed to the smaller and dysfunctional compared to the males brains. His thinking on the women brain capacity is dictated by the traditional belief in his community while he calls himself civilized while in the civilized community everyone is equal be it a man of women. Lakunle is also full of fascinations of the superficial modern way of life, for example, the dances, and ballroom and night clubs, showing that he believes in half-baked ideas that justify his actions of refusing to pay the bride price to Sidi. Baroka the 62-year-old chief oppose development brought about by the white people, he believes that the development destroys the way people live. On the other hand, he feels that he should learn a thing from Lakunle as well as Lakunle learn from him. In the Things Fall Apart we see Okonkwo confronted by complications due to cultural conflicts presented by the white men. After he leaves to exile, the white men were able to thrive and to spread their gospel in the village. When he came back, he meets a different community in which he is unable to live in. Everyone including his son had converted to Christianity. Due to his strong belief in the traditional culture, he chooses to die rather than complying with the white men. The role of women in two texts Women in both Things Fall Apart, and The Lion and The Jewel are considered to be man’s property. They can be purchased and accumulated to man’s wealth. Their only role is to get married and have children. In things Fall Apart Okonkwo acquires many wives who he expects to bear many children to promote his legacy in the community and rival that of his father who he regarded as a failure (Achebe, 13). Baroka on the other hand in the Lion and The Jewel acquires wives to promote his status in the community (Soyinka, 4). He is surprised that in five full months he has not acquired a wife, meaning he considered wives to be an addition to his vast wealth. Lakunle undermines the tradition of purchasing a woman by proposing to Sidi and telling her he will marry her without paying the bride price. In this case, the tradition of paying the bride price is condemned by Lakunle while Baroka embraces it and win Sidi. Women are not supposed to make key decisions in the society, but with modernity, women take roles which there were not supposed to like the harvesting of yams in Thing fall apart. We also see Sidi admiring her picture in the magazine and feels that she deserved better men from outside world since she is being seen by people in the western world. She is held up by the culture and even fails to marry Lakunle a modernized man since he does not want to follow the culture by paying the bride price.   The role of chief in two texts In The Lion and the Jewel, Baroka is the chief, and he represents traditional norms and customs. He stands against any foreign change such as the building of railroad near his village. He agrees with the rail contractors signs a letter that states that the village soil is unfit to support the train engine. He does this so that the rail can be moved away from the village. Being a staunch traditionalist, he understands that the presence of rail in the village will lead to penetration of more white who will change the village people culture to western culture.   He promotes the paying of bride price that is why Sidi prefers him to the modernized Lakunle (Soyinka, 6). In Things Fall Apart, the chief also represents the community customs and also moral authority. He struggles with the new political and religious orders introduced by colonialism which he terms as unmanly and feels that he will betray the community if he complies with the new ways. Okonkwo condemns cultural change since h e fears losing social status. After coming from exile, he is unable to adapt to the colonizer way of life which leads to his suicide. Although his stand is not as rigid as that of Baroka in the face of the British Colonists; he maintains law and order in the community. Contexts colonial versus city/technology/modernity In both texts, any change that is introduced by either colonist or modernity is met with resistance. Okonkwo opposes anything that is related to the British administration. Such that when he returned from exile, he could not tolerate the colonizers way of life and ended up taking his life (Achebe, 58). Baroka resists any form of development pioneered by the colonialists, for example, he rejects the construction of the railway line, saying that the soil along the village is fragile and cannot sustain the weight of the engine. Lakunle, on the other hand, a modernized school teacher tries to modernize his community by changing the rule of the bride price. He faces rejection from Sidi and the entire village for going against the culture that dictates marriage rules in the community. He also wishes for construction of motor roads and railroads. His desires and conversations are met with less enthusiasm than he had expected. Cultural values/impacts/reaction Cultural values are highly upheld in both texts, and that is why any threat towards these values is met with negative reaction. Baroka is a staunch traditionalist that is why he enjoys being a polygamist and does not tolerate the introduction of the modern railroad (Soyinka, 4). He also uses traditional knowledge and practices to win Sidi unlike Lakunle who denounce the cultural practice of paying the bride pride price. Lakunle support modernization he wishes that railroads were built in the village which never happened due to the highly upheld cultural values. Lakunle does not understand why the community promotes backwardness and choose to stay in darkness. He tries to change the cultural values, but he fails terribly. Okonkwo seems like the only one still concerned with the Umuofia’s cultural values. He denies the white men entry into the village and strongly refused their cultural value to be changed especially in the context of religion. He also sent away anyone who compl ied with the white men and considered as an outcast in the community. His reactions, although meant to maintain stability, causes a lot of instability in the community that causes Okonkwo to take his life. Education and religion/tradition The educated people in the two books seek to spread the modern ideas to the uneducated people who believe in their old ways of life. They preach out their knowledge with the aim of changing the tribal people to modern ways. Education is strongly rejected by the traditional people who do not see any good the education can offer to them in sustaining their daily lives. Lakunle is the educated person in the village he is rejected by the people in the village due to his modernized way. The rejection is portrayed by the way he dresses and talks to Sidi. He is also considered a fool by the village people when he refuses to pay the bride price to Sidi and loses her to chief Baroka. Sidi is also not willing to be associated with Lakunle due to his modernized behaviours which do not respect their culture. In the things fall apart the colonization is mostly addressed religiously unlike the Lion and the Jewel. The whites condemn the traditional people religion where they tell them that their gods are evil and cannot help them since they direct them to kill and discriminate innocent people. They introduce their God whom they believe takes care of them and is just and good to all. The traditional people reject their religion and fight against it lead by Igbo. After Okonkwo come from exile, he finds a changed community where everyone has turned to the white man’s way. He finds that some churches have been built together with schools. To his surprise, he finds that even his son has converted to Christianity. His staunch belief in the traditional way of life make him feel out of place, he cannot put up with the new ways and eventually commit suicide. Conclusion The two books prominently discuss the theme of culture clash as a result of rapid modernization brought about by the colonial people. Culture transition is highly advocated by the white people who want to see the last outdated African culture in the featured communities. On the other hand, Africans fights any change advocated by the white people. They feel that they have a rich culture and they should preserve it. Conflict arises when the two culture meet since each side wants to stand by culture and beliefs.

The turning of a blind eye - a conversation between “you” and “I” - Literature Essay Samples

Woven between Jamaica Kincaid’s emotionally charged memoir of Antigua is a strong rhetorical message to her audience to try and be different than those of them middle class North American/European tourists who came before to her land. These tourists, an audience of which I am not a part, are effectively persuaded of this argument due to her sophisticated interplay of ethos, pathos and logos. Emotions (and, by extension, emotional language) founded upon a logical basis, can be a very strong persuasive combination, which works effectively in Kincaid’s work due to the fact that she manages to make herself seen as a credible narrator. We (her audience) are left, by the end of her tale, acutely aware of our flaws and of our ignorance of the several harsh truths we fail to see when visiting a place or a culture less privileged than us, such as Antigua. Using â€Å"we† to refer to Kincaid’s target audience, one of the most interesting choices in her essay is her second-person narrative, wherein, from the start, we are led through a tour of Antigua with her narrating not only what we see, but also what we feel and think inside our heads. The use of â€Å"you† is one of the primary forms of pathos that Kincaid uses in order to persuade her audience. Especially within the first of the four sections of the book, a section that focuses specifically on the ignorance of the tourist, her use of â€Å"you† grows increasingly aggressive and accusatory. Initially starting off with rather docile sentences like â€Å"As your plane descends to land, you might say â€Å"What a beautiful island Antigua is† â€Å" (3), she progresses onto more scathing remarks like â€Å"the thought of what it might be like for someone who had to live day in, day out in a place that suffers constantly from drought, and has to wa tch carefully every drop of fresh water . . . must never cross your mind† (4) bringing us (the audience, again) to our senses as she highlights what is a very realistic thought process in the mind of a more privileged tourist in a less privileged area. The aggressive â€Å"you† makes the audience feel targeted and blamed. Since blame naturally creates discomfort and pain, the language is a deliberate provocation of the audience’s minds. It creates a sense of being directly challenged and that forces us to think critically about what she’s saying. Moreover, she justifies these accusations through the aforementioned personal experience-credibility she asserts as well as the incorporation of proof and (quoted above) factual statements about conditions for Antiguans that prevent the audience from dismissing her strong words. In this way, ethos and logos combine to form a strong argumentative base that is effectively delivered through the usage of pathos (†Å"you†). Beginning with the first part of the book, which details our journey through her Antigua as a tourist, she highlights the immense privilege we have by contrasting it with actual facts about Antiguan quality of life: for instance, she talks of how American/European tourists pass through immigration without a hassle, but Antiguans themselves must wait in line, struggling to bring back essential clothes and food for their struggling families (4). She does not fail to pinpoint exactly how we, her audience, are ignorant. Delving deeper, apart from the facts about the roads and the lack of drinking water that she mentions during this section, she also provides very special â€Å"insider† information that only someone from Antigua could have known. An example of this is when she explains why Antigua is chock-full of near-broken, expensive Japanese cars. Her knowledge of even what type of petrol is used (and should be used) adds credibility to her words. She boosts her credibility fur ther by sharing opinions locals have towards the tourists and calling out aspects of the tourists tourists know to be true case in point, â€Å"behind their closed doors they laugh at you. . . you try eating their way, you look silly; you try eating the way you always eat, you look silly. . . you have an accent† (17). Kincaid succeeds in creating an image of her having been one of those selfsame locals she talks about in such lines. The audience knows now that she has been there. Refuting her statements becomes harder. Kincaid continues this â€Å"one-two† punch of ethos and logos by providing explicit details about how car loans are easily available due to the corrupt ministers that hold monopolies over car dealerships in the region. She includes more details about past driving-license scandals (7) She has now created for us a logical connection between what we see on the streets and what could be causing it this also sets up and foreshadows her later discussions about the rampant political power-abuse and exploitation in Antigua. In this way, since she talks about themes, instances and phenomena that she sets up earlier on in the book, the entire memoir is a coherent and logically flowing set of arguments. Her ideas do not come out of nowhere, but instead, from facts and evidence she has provided earlier on in her text. This, once more makes her details that much more believable and worth listening to, reminding us with a great degree of persuasion of the problems she speaks of tourist/o utsider ignorance, corruption, slavery and colonialism and their lasting effects. Her pathos-based use of â€Å"you† only strengthens the delivery of these truths and her argument becomes all the more robust it cannot be dismissed as an emotional rant. Jamaica Kincaid continues to strengthen her argument by logically and rationally accepting other sides of the story. â€Å"And so, ordinarily you are a nice person, an attractive person, a person capable of drawing to yourself the affection of other people. . . a person at home in your own skin . . . but you make a leap from being that nice blob. . . to being a person visiting heaps of death and ruin and feeling alive and inspired at the sight of it; to being a person marvelling at the harmony (ordinarily, what you would say is the backwardness) [of] these other people (and they are other people† (16). Kincaid uses repetition of variations of â€Å"nice person† repeatedly to emphasize the fact that she genuinely believes this audience is a regular, nice person back home. This recognition of the fact that bad tourists are very possibly great people back home rationalizes her anger and aggression by revealing that she is not cherrypicking parts of her audience’s id entity to serve her purpose. She is recognizing the audience as a set of dynamic individuals who behave differently based on circumstance logos. Therefore, her pathos/anger end up making a more compelling argument regarding the ignorance of the tourists instead of being a blanket statement devoid of reason. The pathos at play here from the aforementioned repetition essentially passive-aggressively hints at the â€Å"ugliness† (17) within her audience which she then talks about explicitly right afterwards as we can see. Her anger and her blame still comes through because of this, but she has now strengthened her argument significantly by accepting the counter-argument of her audience, the tourists’, circumstantial, fluid and human identities. If Kincaid only used logic in this way for the first two sections of the book (which I have primarily discussed so far, the book’s whole argument would crumble in the second half. However, Kincaid makes sure to concede similar logical counter-arguments even when criticizing the colonizers of old later on in the book: â€Å"You imprisoned people. You robbed people. You opened your banks and you put our money in them. The accounts were in your name†¦ there must have been some good people among you, but they stayed home† (36). Referring to the colonizers, she mentions the fact that the colonizers who came to Antigua were the worst of the lot, mirroring and reinforcing her statements from part one about tourists being â€Å"a piece of rubbish† (17). Kincaid remains rational throughout the work, which bolsters her credibility, which in turn supports her logical arguments which helps to reveal to the audience the brutal truths in her argument that otherwise might have been masked underneath the emotional language. Emotion becomes a strong point due to its synergy with logos and pathos, where it might have otherwise been a logical weakness in her argument. Another way Kincaid’s argument is made stronger is that one does not have to be a white North American/European to understand the folly of being a privileged tourist, because many other ethnicities like myself, do have populations of privileged tourists, or people in general, who have, at some point, feigned the same ignorance as the North American/European white tourists Kincaid speaks of. All around the world are humans who are privileged and those who are not, and this recognition adds credibility to her argument since her argument makes sense even if it is abstracted from its exact, specific audience (middle class, white north american/european tourist). This alleviates any doubt that it was a deliberate targeting of white North American/European tourists it is obvious that they just happen to be the culprits in the case of Antigua, but there are people who commit the same crimes elsewhere, all across the world, everyday. Her logos, pathos and ethos therefore still hit ha rd with their moral of not being ignorant anymore, whoever we are.

Paediatric Emergency 1st Aid - 3411 Words

015 Paediatric Emergency 1st Aid Identify the responsibilities of a paediatric first aider. First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by non-expert, but trained personnel to a sick or injured person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed. Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention. It generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. The responsibilities of a paediatric first aider is: †¢ To preserve life- the overriding aim of all medical care including first aid is to save lives. †¢ To†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Put any sharp items such as needles or syringes in the correct disposal containers. †¢ Keep first aid kits clean. Describe suitable first aid equipment, including personal protection, and how it is used appropriately. First aid equipment. First aid equipment, including personal protection is only useful if u can identify it and use them appropriately. Wherever there are children or young people there should always be a well-equipped first aid kit, it should always be kept in a place where anyone needing it will quickly find it. A first aid kit should always be taken on outings away your setting in addition to the main kit in the setting. Items that should be in a first aid kit: †¢ Disposable vinyl or latex-free gloves- protection for the first aider from blood and other fluids. †¢ Plastic aprons- to protect from blood or any other body fluids. †¢ Rounded scissors- for cutting dressings and possible clothing. †¢ Sterile gauze pads- to cover small bleeding wounds. †¢ Adhesive tape- to secure gauze pads and bandages. †¢ Large combined dressings (large gauze and bandage) - to cover large wounds. †¢ Stretch bandage- to hold dressings in place on the body or limbs. †¢ Crepe bandage- to support sprains to leg or ankle. †¢ Triangular bandage or sling- to support arm or a shoulder injury. †¢ Safety pins- to use to fasten sling. †¢ Eye dressings- to cover eyeShow MoreRelatedArticle Review: Penetrating Assault in Children1030 Words   |  5 PagesCritical analysis: The authors has two aims first of which is to collect data on the medical outcome of deliberate gun and stab injuries in children and second was to look at methods of prevention of violent injury towards children in a few urban paediatric emergency department ( ED’s) in the UK. The author has used a mixed method to collect his data he has used case series analysis and also he has used a qualitative method of surveys. The method of retrospective case series is a complex method to useRead MoreFirst Aid Essay2939 Words   |  12 PagesPart One # - Assessment Task: PEFAP 001 Paediatric Emergency First Aid (1.1) Identified the responsibilities a of a paediatric first aider. The responsibilities of a paediatric first aider is to make sure that every person you attend to you have to make sure that you have comforted the individual, making sure that they are as calm as possible. This is to ensure that you can treat that individual as best as you can, it is important to act quickly and efficiently as possible. (1Read MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesto be around 11%, to 14%. The returns generated are, however, primarily determined by the eventual commercial impact of new products as they achieve regulatory approval and are launched. This projected rate of return includes products launched from 1st January 2007 and compounds in phases IIb and III of the development process. The calculation is based on actual sales from 2007 to 2009 and forecast sales for the relevant products up to 2030, adjusted to reï ¬â€šect expected failure rates, which are broadlyRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesfacilitative potential for the exercise of control. It does so without denying that performance management frequently takes place in a hierarchical context with persistent power asymmetries. As such, the concept of enabling control holds the potential to aid in an understanding of the practical operation of performance management that combines the ambition of empowerment with the reality of individually distributed responsibilities and hierarchy. Frequently, however, the control concepts that are written

Frozen Sperm And Frozen Eggs - 1382 Words

Over the last few years there have been court battles involving frozen embryos, frozen sperm and frozen eggs. One of the most recent cases is Sofia Vergara and Nick Loeb’s publicized battle over the frozen embryos that they created together in 2013. The decision was made to create the embryos due to Sofia’s age and Nick’s desire to have children. They realized how sophisticated science had become and decided to use the scientific knowledge to their advantage. When they were ready, they would have children together. However, they went their separate ways and a lengthy court battle still pursues on who should have the frozen embryos. Whether it is frozen embryos, frozen sperm or frozen eggs the ethical and legal battle will continue for decades as to whom should retain ownership and make decisions regarding the frozen material. This frozen material at some point has to be removed from the human body and in the case of frozen sperm, sometimes the sperm is collected post-mortem. Post mortem sperm retrieval (PMSR) is the collection of sperm after a male individual has past away. In 1980, the first successful post mortem collection was performed on a 30-year old man who was brain dead after a motor vehicle accident (Strong 739). For sperm preservation to occur the family must be able to convince medical personnel, particularly the hospital’s ethical committee, that that the donor wanted to have children at some point in his life, as the United States has no laws regarding PMSR.Show MoreRelatedBrief Description Of Technology And Assisted Reproductive Technology1453 Words   |  6 Pagesthis involves transferring eggs and sperm into the woman s fallopian tube. Fertilization occurs in the woman s body. However, not many practices offer GIFT as an option. †¢ Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) - this is often used for couples with male factor infertility. Sometimes it is also used for older couples or for those with failed IVF attempts. 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Then, the semen and ova are mixed in a dish, where fertilization may occur. Then the tiny, new embryonic human(s) are put into the cavity of the womans uterus with the hope that they will plant and grow. Other sophisticated techniques having the same purposeRead MoreIvf, The Procedure, Risks And Complications Of Ivf Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pageswill discuss the history of IVF, the procedures, risks and complications of IVF. Lastly what alternative procedures other than IVF there are to assist child birth? In Vitro Fertilization is a fertility procedure in which medical physicians remove eggs from the ovaries of a female, fertilize them in a laboratory, and then replace the embryos back into the female’s uterus where they implant and growth begins. (Kamel 2013) The first successfully delivered baby through IVF was Louise Brown on July 25Read MoreStages of In Vitro Ferlization Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesIn Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a procedure in which an egg (oocyte) from a woman’s ovaries is removed and separately fertilized with male sperm in a laboratory before being implanted into the woman’s fallopian tubes. 1 2 The first stage of IVF is called superovulation. Follicles are structures within which the oocyte develops, in order to retrieve multiple follicles several hormone and drug combinations are administered. Consequently, the ovary stops function and allows the follicles to ripen atRead MoreFailed Vasectomy Reversal Ivf Success Story1001 Words    |  5 Pagescouple’s inability to conceive. Fertility tests ordered by Dr. Shapiro quickly revealed sperm quantity and quality issues related to the failed vasectomy reversal, as well as the fact that Jessica had a blocked fallopian tube and age-related egg quality issues. 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The Effect Of Cell Phone On College Students Interaction...

Report on Literature Search The presence of mobile technologies has significantly affected every aspect of human social interaction. My observation on college students using cell phone at dining hall has raised my question of how does cell phone influences people’s interaction at dinner table. My review topic would be focusing on the effects of cell phone presence on college students’ interaction at dining table. I want to find out how cell phone affects students’ attention on other people sitting around them in the same table. Moreover, how does cell phone affects students’ conversation with others. My research strategy will start with conducting a literature research on published articles that associated with the use of cell phone and†¦show more content†¦The participants were coffee shop customers that agreed to participate in the research after asked about demographic information. They were asked to be seated and randomly assigned to have either casual content of convers ation or meaningful content of conversation for 10 minutes while research assistant observed from a distance. After the conversation, participants are asked to fill out a 5 minutes brief survey asking the degree of psychological closeness to the person they talk to. Considering the relatively short time frame in the study, I think it is hard to ask people about their opinions on conversation partner closeness. The limitation on the time frame may influences the result of the survey as participants would take personal account into answering the question. The research observes that participants conversing in the presence of cell phone had a lower level of empathic concern comparing to those without cell phone. The result of the experiment proves the hypothesis that the presence of cell phone disrupts the quality of the conversation. The â€Å"Mere Presence† Hypothesis: Investigating the Nonverbal Effects of Cell-Phone Presence on Conversation Satisfaction. The research in the article focuses on testing the existing hypothesis of cell phone’s negative impactShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesTechnology Evolution Technology is turning people into more of multitasking machines, and less of social interacting people. As a twenty one year old college student in the year of 2015, I try to imagine of the days when technology wasn’t so accessible or available in any form. A time when everyone didn’t have smart phones in arms reach at every breathing moment. Most technology is extremely convenient and can become addicting, being as we are creatures of habit. 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The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development...

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development JoLinda Freeman PSY104 Child and Adolescent Development Instructor Mark Kavanaugh April 4, 2015 The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development In order for us to understand how a child develops we must conduct research on theories that we believe and others believe to be true. When we do understand the development of children we will be able to understand the skills and behaviors of children. This will help us to understand why they will not eat certain foods or how children of different ages react differently to certain things. In the early 20th century many theories were put forward to help explain why and how children develop. A theorist who played a†¦show more content†¦According to Virginia Department of Social Services (2004) Child development is the foundation upon which early childhood practice is based. Because the psychomotor, socioemotional, cognitive, and linguistic developmental domains are inter-related, early childhood professionals in all types of programs (e.g., family child care homes, early childhood education centers) must comprehend both the processes of development and the adult’s role in supporting each child’s growth, development, and learning. (p. 1) Scholarly researchers will form a hypothesis, and then while referring back to previous research or writing by other academics or scholars, conduct research on the hypothesis in order to make their information available to the rest of the scholars. Unlike scholarly research, anecdotal evidence is something that is experienced by the researcher and is not considered very reliable. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"Anecdotal evidence is not a substitute for good research. Only controlled experimental studies can properly answer the question of cause and effect.† (p. 48) Cognitive developmental theory is founded on the idea that children gain knowledge by exploring and influencing the world that is all around them. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children ofShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory As A Framework For Understanding Interpersonal And Emotional Outcomes Of Adults1442 Words   |  6 Pageshave begun to use attachment theory, as a framework for understanding interpersonal and emotional outcomes of adults. Attachment theory also creates, an understanding of how parent relationships, affects a child’s early physiological development throughout adult-hood. In the past, research done on father -child relationships, has generally, focused on the attachment the child develops, when the father is absent in the child’s early stages of development. In my research, I found recent studies, performedRead MoreIn Early Chil dhood, Play Diverges, Contingent On An Immense1351 Words   |  6 Pagesyears by numerous theories in early childhood development. Consideration needs to be taken as to if play is free and simple or not. Over the years there has been a multitude of different theories about the purpose of a child’s play. The first theories of play were developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with four main theories that involved the perception of how and why children work. These theories were the surplus energy theory, the recreation theory, the instinct theory and the recapitulationRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead MoreThe Importance Of An Alliance With Children1298 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature review done by the researcher(s) in the article show any trends before the actual research in this specific study began? 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Sourcebook of Social Support and Personality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sourcebook of Social Support and Personality. Answer: Introduction: The ultimate motive of every individual in this world is to survive and exist on their own. In order to fulfill this requirement, it is essential for people to work and earn money to survive (Nickell, Rollins Hellman 2013). People give maximum importance to their work and it through work that all their needs and necessities are met. Individuals try and deliver the best of the performance so that they can succeed in the workplace and climb up the ladder of professional life faster. The modern work environment is much target oriented and it depends on the performance of the people as to how much will they progress in their work space. The amount of pressure in the workspace is increasing every passing day as the demand of services and products are constantly on the rise (Siegrist 2016). The pressure that is exerted on an employee is something that creates a lot of stress on the employee base and may in return disturb the overall balance of life (Khamisa et al. 2015). The word burnout generally means the stage when something was burning before and slowly diminishes due to lack of fire inducer. Burnout is a word that refers to a stage in the life of an employee when the desire to work and cope with the stress keeps getting reduced (Schaufeli, Maslach Marek 2017). Burnout refers to the stage when the fire that was burning in an individual to work for an organization stops burning due to the lack of resources that could keep the fire burning. Basically, it is an idea where an employee no longer feels motivated to work for an organization and the production of the person takes a dip. The possible reasons for such degradation in the performance can be excess stress in the organization or the lack of motivation for the person in the company. There should always be reasons for an individual to work harder and perform to the best of capacities, the moment such reasons cease to exist it is seen the employee faces a stage of burnout. The burnout is a process that leads an employee to feel de-motivated and reduces the efficiency of performance on the employees part (Wang, Hall Rahimi 2015). The psychological status of the employee remains a major concern for those who face the issue of burnout. The phenomenon has kept increasing in the recent period as the organizations these days have greater targets to achieve and in order to do that the more pressure is exerted on the employees. The pressure cannot be handled by all and hence they face burnout and feel de-motivated, their desire to work decreases and they tend to shift from the job. Burnout has greater impact on the physical and psychological status of the employee and it can often be seen that people become indifferent to their personal lives and hence the ultimate work life balance is also disturbed. The organizations need to make sure that an employee gets time for living life with family and for the self; it is to be realized by the organizations that people can only perform better when they get the chance to live their life after finishing a days hectic work. The present state of burnout is quite low and hence it can be said the job is actually not stressing out. The main reasons for burning according to the self assessment test has been found that the lack of time management and the inability to acknowledge stress at the right moment. The inability to work in the morning and the feeling of being drained in work has been an issue that has been reflected by the self assessment test. Such issues lead to the individual being fatigued and unable to concentrate on the entire work process. It is to be understood that the people who face burnout in excess amounts are those who have completely adverse work conditions. The ability to communicate in a team and the quality of making relation with those in the work place makes sure that the people faces low burnout in the workplace (Shanafelt et al. 2015). The issue of Depersonalization is caused mainly due to poor communication skills, the report has no yes responses in that section and hence it ref lects that working in harmony with people in the workspace leads to low burnout levels (Kerr 2013). For the sections which have the yes marks, it is essential that the individual works on certain aspects of living and also makes sure that the lifestyle is managed in a better way. The lack of energy in working and being fatigued in the workplace can be reduced with better time management and lifestyle management (Folkman 2013). The individual has to make sure that the time for work and rest is well maintained so that the next morning in the office is energetic. Incomplete sleep can lead to such issues as the person may be irritated and frustrated with things around as the mind is devoid of peace due to the lack of sleep (Short et al. 2013). The effective time management will enable people to utilize their time in a way that both their personal and professional targets are achieved and hence a better quality of life is achieved. For an individual to avoid burnout it is essential for t he person to understand the places from which stress arises and then work according to them. Facing the lack of excitement with the job can have many reasons for the individuals and hence it is necessary to make sure that a job is looked upon positively. The amount of self motivation that a person uses in the job decides the level of burnout that the individual shall feel in the workplace. Burnout is phenomena that can be reduced by an individual on their own, but it is important the person has control over his mind a constant self motivation should be at work. Greater motivation will ensure low levels of burnout and it is as well essential for the individual to have positive communication skills in order to gain acceptance in the work environment (Geller 2016). When an individual is faced with extreme challenges in the workplace and hardships, it leads to the burnout of the individual (Hyrkas Morton 2013). The effects of burnout can be serious if not dealt with at the right time. The effects that stress can have on a person are immense and it is necessary for a person to have a part in life that will provide a feeling of relaxation and calmness. Social support comes as the foremost rescue for an individual who has been suffering from the effects of burnout. Social support is basically the support that a community or a society provides to a person emotionally or physically (Lin, Dean Ensel 2013). A person suffering from the stress issue can completely freshen up the mind after meeting up with a friend and spending some time. The power of the society in making sure that an individual is not affected by the burnout is immense. The social support mechanism can include the community gatherings, meetings and many such practices that involve com ing together at a selected venue and enjoying the company of each other (Pierce, Lakey Sarason 2013). An effective social support network makes sure that a person is kept emotionally balance even at the hardest of the times. A casual chat with the neighbour or a conversation with an office colleague can lead to such social relations to be created. The social support network is something that is functional even in the toughest of the days and it makes sure that the person connected to the network is kept stable. The results that an effective social support network brings with it are- Sense of belonging- The constant communication between the various members ensures that everyone belonging to that group is a part of it and that if anyone is in need then the entire group comes forward to help that person and lift the mood up. Positive self worth- When an individual is surrounded by people who regard the person as a friend and show a liking to be around him, it makes that individual feel desired and positive (Zeigler-Hill 2013). It helps in increasing the realization that there are positive qualities in him and it leads to effectively reducing the impact of burnout. Security- The social support provides a feeling of security. It makes sure that the people who are part of it will have guidance from all of them and the members will be there for any kind of help (Meins 2013). Another important phenomenon that the social support brings is the quotient of communication. Communication is a skill that has many positives to it. A person has to earn a social circle and it has to be done by effectively communicating with those who around the person. The communication makes sure that the person shares all that are occurring within and it enable an individual to open up to the people around (Dyck Holtzman 2013). The social support mechanism can bring about positive impact on the people who are stressed out due to burnout. Due to the increase in the competition in the workplace, the feeling of burnout is commonly seen in most of the employees and it is essential that there be a circle where the person shall participate and feel relieved from all the stress. The people who belong to the social support group of a person can be friends, colleagues, acquaintances, neighbours and family. The emotional support is the key element that is provided by such social support n etworks of an individual. The ABC Company had been making profits for a long period until some changes came by in the global market and they started to dip down in the profit making business. The company had a working process that was completely changed for increasing the profits to the company. The new process got implemented but the results were not as rapid as it was expected to be. The main reasons behind such results and the high burnout rates of the employees are the extreme changes that have been made to the working process of the organization and too rapidly. The operations management of the organization must have come up with a plan to bring about the change in a more structured manner rather than so rapidly. The working style that was prevalent in the company was the one that the employees were acquainted with but the sudden shift taken up by the company made it difficult for many of the employees to cope with the resulting stress and pressure. The changes that were to be made in the operations of t he company should be remapped and the application should be slow and the employee consent should be taken. The views and suggestions of the employees have to be taken into account so that the management is well aware of needs and demands of the employee base. The CEO of the company should make sure that inter organizational communication is proper and that the employees can address their grievances to the manager anytime according to their needs. An open door policy should be initiated in the organization so that the employee and manager relation is strengthened and a mutual understanding and trust is achieved between them (Docherty 2015). The recent trends reflect that the employees are experiences higher levels of burnout in the organization; this has been majorly due to the added work pressure that has been imposed on them due to the change in the working style. The ways and means of leading organization in Europe have been taken up for work but it has to be realized that the emp loyee base of the company may not be ready to deliver their best in such a working style. The middle managers are extremely stressed due to the issue of performance and the high absenteeism among the employees. The managers are struggling to get control over the operation and the new system has made them ineffective. The middle managers need to have a bit of autonomy in the decision making process so that they can do whatever they feel is good for the employees and the organization. The change in the organization has been pushing the performance and production upwards but it the rate is very slow. The expected rate is not being achieved and on the other hand the employees are being subjected to burnout and hence the best performance is not being achieved. The CEO of the organization should make sure that the employees base is included in the decision making process so that they can come up with ideas to fight off the competition in the market. The ideas that they give should be evaluated and enacted if found useful and efficient. The satisfaction of the employee base ultimately will lend best of the results for the company. The ABC Company must have programmes that help the employees beat the stress that has been growing in the company due to the change. The programs will make sure that the employees look up to an event in the organization that will de-stress them and provide them a much needed break from the daily routine work. The CEO must look after the employee relations in the organization so that the employees feel cared for and important to the Company. The reward and recognition program should be initiated so that the employees are motivated to work more and get rewarded for the work they do. Such reward and recognition makes sure that the employees are motivated towards a goal and every employee wishes to work hard to get the recognition from the Company (Shields et al. 2015). Motivation is the single most important factor for the employees to perform and deliver their best in an organization (Deci Ryan 2014). The CEO must make sure that the Human Resource department of the organization is motivating every employee and bringing the best out of them. The role of the CEO is very essential in making the Company employee friendly and reducing the burnout rates. The most important step that has to be taken to make sure that the problems are minimized in the Company is the immediate re-mapping of the organizational goals and targets. The goals and targets of the organization were set high and such high ambitions are leading to the employees feeling burnout. The burnout feeling will negatively impact the results that are being achieved by the Company. The CEO along with the Management of the ABC must work on reworking on the changes that has been applied to the organization. The changes havent provided the expected results so it is advised that the management thinks of an alternate way of making sure that the company fights off its competitions in the market. A proper training schedule has to be organized for the entire workforce so that they a get to know the working style before its implementation. The middle managers should be relaxed and the employee relations should be given to a completely separate department of the same name. This will make sure that the employees are constantly looked after by people from the management. The CEO of the organization is advised to understand that happy employees in the organization will lead to better overall outcome for the Company because the employees are the ones who perform for the organization. The importance of employee satisfaction is at the highest level and hence they need to be given the best of the working environments to perform. Transactional style of leadership was an idea that was first described by the sociologist Max Weber in the year 1947. This style of management is mostly used by managers around the world. The prime focus of this style of management is on the controlling aspect, organizing and the formulation of short term plan that for the organization. Leaders like de Gaulle and McCarthy were the follower of this style of leadership. Transactional leadership is when the leader makes sure that the employees are being motivated and the aim remains the pursuance of self-interest (Odumeru Ogbonna 2013). The self-interest of the managers are aligned with the targets of the organization and hence such a leadership style enables faster growth in the organization. The managers hold a responsible post in the organization and hence it allows them to pursue greater goals of self-interest. This style of leadership is also known as a telling style because the employees are directed by the manager and they have to obey to their orders (Novac Bratanov 2014). The rewards and punishment phenomenon is associated with this style of leadership. The employees who will be obeying the orders of the managers and will work according to them will get the rewards and those reluctant in following the order will be subjected to punishment or deductions. Charismatic leadership is known as a form of leadership in which the leader motivates the employees to work and this is done through eloquent communication skills (Canzoneri 2015). The personality of the leader forces the employees to work in a better way and the entire environment is very positive for the employees (Vlachos, Panagopoulos Rapp 2013). The personality of the leader is supposed to be so charismatic that the employees become eager to work and achieve the goals of the organization (Avolio Yammarino 2013). It is said that the charismatic leadership quality is something that is divine in nature. The main difference in the two styles of leadership lies in the way it is applied in an organization. The charismatic leadership is known to motivate the employees in a positive way whereas the transactional leadership is known to force the employees to work or else face the consequences of organizational punishments. The charismatic leadership makes the employees work at in creative manner and they are allowed to use innovative working style so that they can perform better. Whereas on the other hand it is seen that the transactional style makes sure that the workers stick to a basic style of working and it leaves no scope for improvisation for the employees. In the charismatic style, it is seen that the personality of the leader motivates the employees to work and excel their performance; the motivation is mostly self motivation in this style of leadership. On the other hand it is noted that in the transactional style the motivation is provided by the leader but the motive behind it is the pursuance of self interest of the leader. The charismatic style encourages the employee to make sure that the best of the work is given out to the organization and develop a personality like that of the leader (Connelly, Gaddis Helton-Fauth 2013). The transactional style does not develop the employees personally; rather it makes sure that they stick to the same work style always. It is a tried and tested style of work that assures of yielding a certain result for the team and the organization. The scores in the table reflect that the need for effective communication skills is essential to be able to engage in transformational leadership. The score reflect it possible for the person to be a leader with transformational qualities. The amount of motivation that the person emits to all those around paves the way for making sure that transformational leadership is practiced. Transformational leadership is known as a leadership style that emphasises that the entire team grows and the leader motivates the entire team is such a way that they look beyond self-interest (Braun et al. 2013). The leader has to communicate with all those around so that the members of the team can come up with any concern and get it resolved from the leader. Prime requirement for a person to become a successful transformational leader is that the person has to be self motivated and must make sure that the team is motivated to the utmost level. The goal of a transformation leader is to bring out the best of the performances from the members in a team. The goals and objectives that are to be set by the leader have to be high and the working style has to be such that the members find it encouraging. A transformational leader has to give the team members the power to work according to their amount of expertise on a given topic. The members should be allowed to take part in the decision making process and their advices and inputs should be taken into consideration by the leader (Yasin Ghadi, Fernando Caputi 2013). One of the most eminent transformational leaders in the world is Howard Schultz, the owner of Starbucks (Leavy 2016). In Starbucks, every employee is provided the opportunity to pitch their ideas regarding any improvement that they wish to make to the organization. Some of the best menus that are served in Starbucks are originally ideas pitched by the employees. The employees can have better ideas and this is a fact that has to be understood by the leader and accordingly impo rtance should be given to their views and opinions. The success of Starbucks reflects that the transformational leadership can yield effective results and the organization can move ahead rapidly. There are certain aspects that an individual needs to work on in order to become a successful transformational leader. First and foremost is that the person has to evolve as a good manager and the employees should be treated as human beings rather than just workers. Motivation should be provided to each of the members and the work should base on the basis of talent and expertise. It should be made sure that the individuals are pushed to test their limits and increase their comfort zones. The employees are to be regarded as individuals who have a career to follow and they should be constantly motivated according to that. An empathic attitude has to be kept towards the employees. The idea of allowing the employees to be creative has to be kept in the working style. The creativity has to be supported and new changes have to be welcomed. It is never advised for a transformational leader to play safe and deter from taking risks. The employees should be encouraged to take up calculated ris ks so that and failures should be dealt in a composed manner so that the other members in the team do not shy away from taking risks in future (Sacramento, Fay West 2013). The team has to be continuously motivated and guided to get the best of the results from them. The members have to be guided in a way that they yield the best of the results. The leader has to beam with confidence and optimism so that the people in the team feel confident about the leader and the visions that are presented by the leader. Lastly, it is essential for a leader to be a role model for the entire team. The leader needs to be delivering performance in such a way that the members of the team look up to the leader and wish to perform in the same way. A transformational leader has to be of such character that the team feels motivated by looking at the performance of the leader. The leader needs has to realise that be it positive or negative, it is always a fact that the performance of the leader paves way for the entire team to perform accordingly. The leader has to set a standard in the team for others to look up to aspire. The leader is the single most influential source of motivation in a team. The charismatic leaders are known to be individuals who woo the members of a team through the charisma in their personality. The members of the team are affected by the charm that the leader has within the self. A certain amount of magnetism works for the personality of the leader and people of the team are instantly attracted to the vibes of the person (Canzoneri 2015). The charismatic leader may start off by setting targets and goals that are very well crafted but it is seen that in most of the cases such goals are not achieved. The leader who plans the work fails miserably in implementing the plan and the charisma decreases over a period of time due to lack of performance. A lot of expectation rides on the shoulders of a leader who is charismatic in nature but when the person fails to deliver to the expectations, it is usual for the team to lose faith in the person. The major problem that arises with the charismatic leadership is the concept of compliance by all in the team. Every person in the team complies to anything that has been presented by the leader. Such a response leads to stagnation and the performance shoots downwards. The ideas and thoughts that are being presented by a leader must be evaluated by the members of the team in order to understand the viability of the idea and the process in which it will be implemented. As people tend to comply with everything that the leader presents, when the ideas fail to generate results the overall performance of the team takes a dip. Some amount of magnetism is advised for the leaders but it is to be kept in mind that it does not impact the employees or members in such a way that they restrict themselves from speaking out in times when it is needed. The leader has to ensure that the team openly communicates with each other so that all the issues that rise in the working of the team are known to everyone in the team (Leavy, B., 2016). The main challenge remains the understanding of the needs of the employee ba se; it is to be kept in mind by the leaders that a set of satisfied employees will always provide the best of results. For an organization to make sure that the best of the experts are working on a project and giving their best attempt to produce the best quality work, it is essential to ensure that the people are comfortable in the work environment and are constantly motivated. The problem with a charismatic leader that needs to be addressed is the goal setting part. The goals that are set must be realistic and a proper plan should be formulated so that the members of a team do not feel pressurized about the work and can deliver accordingly. The ultimate success of a leader depends on how the team performs and how much of value does it add to the organization. Performance of the team reflects how effective is a leader or is the leadership a complete failure. Reference Avolio, B.J. Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. 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